Poltava Battalion is a police battalion formed from volunteers and policemen from Poltava Oblast in April 2014, originally as Poltava Company. In June 2014, two units from Poltava Oblast – Cascade Battalion and Poltava Company were merged into Poltava Battalion.
On September 5, 2014, Poltava Battalion and Myrniy Company were merged into a newly formed Poltavshchyna Battalion. The commander of the new battalion was appointed the former commander of Myrniy Company. Policemen protested against the newly appointed commander and in November 2014, Poltavshchyna Battalion was disbanded, and Poltava Battalion formed on the base of previous Poltava Battalion.
In 2017, Kremenchuk Company was reformed and assigned under the command of Poltava Battalion as the 3rd company.
On December 17, 2022, the commander of Poltava battalion received a state award for the defense of Ukraine.
On April 14, 2023, Poltava Battalion was disbanded on order of the leadership of Ukrainian National Police. Majority of the policemen joined Lyut Brigade.